Does rehabilitation work on prisoners today?

Rehabilitation is define as to restore a person back to normal life. However the effectiveness of this rehabilitation will depend on the type of rehabilitation that is applied upon the prisoners. The rehabilitation can come in the form of harsh punishments such as caning, or other degratory penalties such as joining the "chain gang" where prisoners will do manual labour in public and be shamed by the public as criminals, to deter people from committing crimes. Rehabilitation can also come in the form of psychological consultancy and assistance to help criminals reintegrate back faster into the society. I feel that the Justice system should do a thorough analysis of the criminal before they punish the criminal and thus pass a sentence that would be most beneficial to the prisoner when the prisoner is released from jail.
Harsh punishments can inflict physical pain and shame the prisoners publically, hoping that these prisoners will learn a lesson from their punishments and will not commit crimes again lest they want to suffer the consequences repeatedly. I will agree that harsh punishment will not only serve as a painful and shameful reminder for prisoners, it will also deter the public from committing crimes and think twice before attempting to committing any crimes. By caning, it leaves permanents scars on the prisoner, which served as a painful reminder that committing crime does not pay. While by joining the "chain gang", it humiliates the prisoner and may degrade the priosner's status further, making them feel inferior. However the prisoner can contribute back to the society by doing "free" manual labour, which can save the government revenue in maintaining the cleanliness in the streets.
However there may be one disadvantage of carrying out harsh punishments. That is prisoners with psychological problems, such as rapists who are sexually abused since young, may not be cured of their psychological problems and could not restrain themselves to commit the crime once more. Prisoners ,who are unable to reintegrate back into the society after release from the prison, might turn back to crimes in desperation. Harsh punishments may deter the public from committing crimes effectively but it may not be effective in restoring prisoners back to a normal life.
Counselling the prisoners and allowing the prisoners to undergo psychological therapy, which can be seen as "soft punishment", will help tackle the psychological problems that prisoners may face upon committing crimes. Prisoners will gain a better understanding of their psychological state and know how to control their actions, and prevent themselves from falling into temptations and committing crimes due to temptations. Prisoners that have been counselled could even help other prisoners. The main advantage of such rehabilitation is to enable prisoners reintegrate back into the society.
However the main disadvantage of such rehabilitation is that it does not deter the public from committing crimes as they know that they will not need to suffer much physical pain and can "enjoy" psychological therapy. Also the prisoners may not understand the severity of their crimes which they did not experience any.
Thus I feel that the Justice system should do a thorough analysis of the criminal in terms of their psychological status before they sentence the criminal into rehabilitation that would be most beneficial to the prisoner when the prisoner is released from jail.